All You Need to Know About Breast Cancer – Types, Causes, Symptoms

Breast cancer is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening disease that affects a significant number of individuals globally. Early detection and advances in treatment have improved survival rates, making awareness and understanding of this disease crucial for individuals and healthcare professionals.

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What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the cells of the breast. It typically begins in the milk-producing glands (lobules) or the ducts that carry milk to the nipple. Over time, cancerous cells can invade surrounding tissues and, in advanced stages, may spread to distant body parts through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This aggressive behavior of cancer cells can cause serious health complications and even be life-threatening.

Extensive medical research has highlighted the role of genetic mutations and alterations in the growth-regulating mechanisms of breast cells. The accumulation of genetic changes can lead to uncontrolled cell division, ultimately forming a tumor. Breast cancer is not a single disease but rather a complex group of diseases, each with unique characteristics and behaviors.

What are the Causes of Breast Cancer?

The causes of breast cancer are multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic, environmental, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. Some common causes and risk factors include:

Genetic Mutations: Inherited mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. These genes are vital in repairing damaged DNA and preventing cell overgrowth.
Hormonal Factors: Hormones like estrogen and progesterone can influence the growth of breast cells. Prolonged exposure to high levels of these hormones, either naturally or through hormone replacement therapy, can increase the risk of breast cancer.
Age and Gender: Advancing age is a significant risk factor. The risk of breast cancer increases as a person gets older. While breast cancer can occur in men, it is far more common in women.
Family History: A family history of breast cancer, especially among first-degree relatives, can elevate the risk due to shared genetic predispositions.
Personal History: Individuals who have previously had breast cancer in one breast are at an increased risk of developing cancer in the other breast.
Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to ionizing radiation, especially during treatments like chest radiation for other cancers, can increase the risk.
Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.

What are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer?

Lump Formation

The most common symptom is a painless lump or mass in the breast or underarm. Not all lumps are cancerous.

Changes in Breast Appearance

Unexplained changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast can indicate breast cancer.

Nipple Abnormalities

Nipple inversion, pain, redness, or discharge other than breast milk may be a sign of breast cancer.

Skin Changes

Dimpling, redness, or other changes in the skin over the breast can signify underlying issues.

Pain in Breasts

While most breast cancers are painless, some may cause discomfort, tenderness, or pain.

Types of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer encompasses various subtypes, each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches. Some of the notable types include:

1-Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive form of breast cancer characterised by the presence of abnormal cells within the milk ducts, yet confined within the ductal structure without spreading into nearby tissues...

2-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC)

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) is a subtype of breast cancer that originates in the milk-producing lobules of the breast and has the tendency to invade surrounding tissues...

3-Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS)

Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) is a non-invasive condition that originates in the milk-producing lobules of the breast. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells within the lobules...

4-Angiosarcoma

Angiosarcoma of the breast is an uncommon yet aggressive malignancy that arises from the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels within the breast tissue...

5-Phyllodes Tumour

Phyllodes tumors represent a rare and diverse group of fibroepithelial neoplasms that arise within the breast’s connective tissue...

6-Paget’s Disease of the Breast

Paget’s Disease of the Breast is a rare form of breast cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and areola...

Herbal Solutions in Breast Cancer Treatment

Adopting herbal remedies rooted in Unani and Ayurveda traditions has gained momentum as complementary approaches to treating breast cancer. Naturopathy, including these ancient systems, takes a holistic view, emphasising the body’s innate healing capacity. Unlike allopathy, which primarily focuses on symptom management, Ayurveda and Unani delve into the root causes of disease, striving to restore harmony between body, mind, and spirit.

Unani medicine, originating from Greco-Arabic traditions, follows a personalized approach. Herbs like Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) and Nigella sativa (Black seed) are believed to possess anticancer properties, helping to restore equilibrium and bolster immunity.

Ayurveda, a holistic science from India, identifies imbalances in the body’s doshas. Herbs like Curcuma longa (Turmeric) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) are advocated for their potential to modulate inflammation and enhance vitality.

Benefits of Ayurveda and Unani

Holistic Healing: Ayurveda and Unani consider the interplay of physical, mental, and emotional aspects. This holistic approach aims for comprehensive wellness.
Minimal Side Effects: Herbal remedies generally pose fewer side effects compared to conventional treatments, enhancing the patient’s quality of life.
Individualised Care: Ayurveda and Unani treatments are tailored to individual constitutions, promoting personalized care and addressing root causes.
Supportive Therapies: Naturopathy often incorporates therapies like yoga, meditation, and dietary modifications to augment the healing process.
Potential Synergy: Integrating Ayurveda and Unani with conventional treatments can potentially enhance efficacy and mitigate side effects.